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Class 7 — Comparing Quantities

Profit and loss: money in is not money kept

The commonest mistake a young shopkeeper makes is to look at a full cash box and feel rich. Sales are not profit. What you spent has to come out first — and until it does, you genuinely do not know how the day went.

Three numbers, in order

Cost price is what you spent. Selling price is what came in. Profit is what is left when the first is taken out of the second — and if it is negative, it is a loss.

Children can recite this. What they cannot usually do is apply it when the two numbers arrive at different times of day, which is exactly what happens in real trade.

Why a good day can still be a losing day

Sell 60 glasses and the cash box looks wonderful. But if you bought stock for 100 glasses and 40 melted, spoiled or went unsold, the day may still have lost money.

This is the moment the concept lands: profit is not about how much you sold, it is about the gap between what came in and what went out.

A worked example from a real day

Stock bought in the morning₹212
Rent for the spot₹20
Total spent (cost price)₹232
Glasses sold × price38 × ₹12 = ₹456
Profit for the day₹456 − ₹232 = ₹224

On the next day the same shopkeeper sold 41 glasses — more than before — but bought ₹300 of stock in the heat and half the ice melted. Revenue ₹492, spend ₹320, profit ₹172. More sales, less profit. That is the lesson.

Try it: did the day make money or lose it?

Sales are not profit. What you spent has to come out first.
₹180 profit
₹480 came in, ₹300 went out

Practice

A cart spends ₹180 and takes ₹240. Profit or loss, and how much?
Show the answer
₹60 profit
240 − 180 = 60. Money in minus money out.
A shopkeeper buys 30 cups at ₹2 each and sells 22 of them at ₹5. What is the result?
Show the answer
₹50 profit
Spent 30 × 2 = ₹60. Took 22 × 5 = ₹110. 110 − 60 = ₹50. The 8 unsold cups still cost money.
Sales are ₹500 and the day made a ₹40 loss. What was spent?
Show the answer
₹540
Loss means spend was higher. 500 + 40 = ₹540.

Learn it by running one

In Lemonade Empire your child runs a lemonade cart and uses this exact concept to decide what to buy and what to charge. Free, no signup, plays in a browser.

▶ Play Lemonade Empire free

Common questions

How do I explain profit and loss to a Class 7 child?
Give them money to spend and something to sell. The abstraction disappears the moment the number is theirs — which is why the concept sticks in a game and slides off a worksheet.
Is revenue the same as profit?
No, and confusing the two is the single most common error at this age. Revenue is everything that came in. Profit is what survives after costs.

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