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Class 6 — Unitary Method

Unitary method: what does ONE of them cost?

Shopkeepers buy by the dozen and sell by the glass. Every decision they make depends on one question — what does a single one cost me? That question is the unitary method, and it is the first thing a Class 6 student needs before profit makes any sense at all.

The idea in one sentence

If you know what many cost, divide to find what one costs. If you know what one costs, multiply to find what many cost.

That is the whole method. The reason it fills a chapter is that everything else — profit, margin, break-even — quietly depends on it. A shopkeeper who does not know their unit cost cannot know whether they made money today.

Why the textbook version feels pointless

In a textbook the question ends at “₹4 per lemon” and the child moves on. Nothing depends on the answer being right.

At a real cart, everything does. Get the unit cost wrong and you price below what the glass cost you to make — and you find out at the end of the day when the money is gone. That consequence is what turns a procedure into understanding.

A worked example from a real day

Bought 2 dozen lemons
₹48 a dozen at the mandi
₹96
Lemons in one dozen12
Cost of ONE lemon
the unitary step
₹96 ÷ 24 = ₹4.00
Lemons used per glass1
Lemon cost inside one glass₹4.00

So before sugar, ice, spice or the cup, every glass already owes ₹4. Sell it at ₹3 and you lose money on every single customer — and the busier you are, the more you lose.

Try it: what does one lemon cost?

Move the sliders the way a real mandi would.
₹4.00
per lemon · ₹4.00 of lemon in every glass

Practice

A shopkeeper buys 5 kg of sugar for ₹220. What does 1 kg cost?
Show the answer
₹44
220 ÷ 5 = 44. Divide the total by how many you got.
If one paper cup costs ₹1.20, what do 50 cups cost?
Show the answer
₹60
1.20 × 50 = 60. Once you know one, multiply up.
A dozen lemons costs ₹60 and each glass needs 2 lemons. What is the lemon cost of one glass?
Show the answer
₹10
60 ÷ 12 = ₹5 per lemon. Two lemons per glass, so 5 × 2 = ₹10.

Learn it by running one

In Lemonade Empire your child runs a lemonade cart and uses this exact concept to decide what to buy and what to charge. Free, no signup, plays in a browser.

▶ Play Lemonade Empire free

Common questions

What is the unitary method in simple words?
Find the value of one thing first, then use it to find the value of any number of things. Divide to get to one, multiply to get to many.
Which NCERT chapter is this?
It appears in Class 6 as the Unitary Method, and it comes back inside Comparing Quantities in Class 7 and 8 — which is why getting it right in Class 6 matters so much.
How can my child practise it outside the textbook?
Ask them to work out the cost per unit of anything at home — per biscuit in a packet, per ml in a bottle. Or let them run a shop in Lemonade Empire, where the number decides whether they make a profit.

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